India Builds Mineral Supply Network with 35 Countries, Challenges China's Monopoly

During Prime Minister Modi's visit to Indonesia, India announced heavy investment to set up manufacturing plants for steel, nickel, and rare earth permanent magnets in Indonesia. Additionally, the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM), launched in January 2025, aims to develop full mineral processing and refining capacity in India by 2030-31, thereby challenging China's monopoly.